Rastreando modelos de linguagem grande (LLM) com MLflow: um guia completo

pip install mlflow>=2.8.1
pip install openai
pip install chromadb==0.4.15
pip install langchain==0.0.348
pip install tiktoken
pip install 'mlflow[genai]'
pip install databricks-sdk --upgrade

import mlflow
import chromadb

print(f"MLflow version: {mlflow.__version__}")
print(f"ChromaDB version: {chromadb.__version__}")

import mlflow
import openai

def query_llm(prompt, max_tokens=100):
    response = openai.Completion.create(
        engine="text-davinci-002",
        prompt=prompt,
        max_tokens=max_tokens
    )
    return response.choices[0].text.strip()

with mlflow.start_run():
    prompt = "Explain the concept of machine learning in simple terms."
    
    # Log parameters
    mlflow.log_param("model", "text-davinci-002")
    mlflow.log_param("max_tokens", 100)
    
    # Query the LLM and log the result
    result = query_llm(prompt)
    mlflow.log_metric("response_length", len(result))
    
    # Log the prompt and response
    mlflow.log_table("prompt_responses", {"prompt": [prompt], "response": [result]})
    
    print(f"Response: {result}")

import mlflow
from mlflow.deployments import get_deploy_client

# Initialize the deployment client
client = get_deploy_client("databricks")

# Define the endpoint configuration
endpoint_name = "llm-endpoint"
endpoint_config = {
    "served_entities": [{
        "name": "gpt-model",
        "external_model": {
            "name": "gpt-3.5-turbo",
            "provider": "openai",
            "task": "llm/v1/completions",
            "openai_config": {
                "openai_api_type": "azure",
                "openai_api_key": "{{secrets/scope/openai_api_key}}",
                "openai_api_base": "{{secrets/scope/openai_api_base}}",
                "openai_deployment_name": "gpt-35-turbo",
                "openai_api_version": "2023-05-15",
            },
        },
    }],
}

# Create the endpoint
client.create_endpoint(name=endpoint_name, config=endpoint_config)

<div class="relative flex flex-col rounded-lg">

response = client.predict(
endpoint=endpoint_name,
inputs={"prompt": "Explain the concept of neural networks briefly.","max_tokens": 100,},)

print(response)

Isso enviará um prompt ao nosso modelo implantado e retornará a resposta gerada.

Avaliando LLMs com MLflow

A avaliação é crucial para compreender o desempenho e o comportamento dos seus LLMs. O MLflow fornece ferramentas abrangentes para avaliar LLMs, incluindo métricas integradas e personalizadas.

Preparando seu LLM para avaliação

Para avaliar seu LLM com mlflow.evaluate(), seu modelo precisa estar em um destes formatos:

1. An mlflow.pyfunc.PyFuncModel instância ou um URI apontando para um modelo MLflow registrado.
2. Uma função Python que recebe entradas de string e gera uma única string.
3. Um URI de ponto de extremidade de implantações do MLflow.
4. Conjunto model=None e incluir resultados do modelo nos dados de avaliação.

Vejamos um exemplo usando um modelo MLflow registrado:

import mlflow
import openai

with mlflow.start_run():
    system_prompt = "Answer the following question concisely."
    logged_model_info = mlflow.openai.log_model(
        model="gpt-3.5-turbo",
        task=openai.chat.completions,
        artifact_path="model",
        messages=[
            {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt},
            {"role": "user", "content": "{question}"},
        ],
    )

# Prepare evaluation data
eval_data = pd.DataFrame({
    "question": ["What is machine learning?", "Explain neural networks."],
    "ground_truth": [
        "Machine learning is a subset of AI that enables systems to learn and improve from experience without explicit programming.",
        "Neural networks are computing systems inspired by biological neural networks, consisting of interconnected nodes that process and transmit information."
    ]
})

# Evaluate the model
results = mlflow.evaluate(
    logged_model_info.model_uri,
    eval_data,
    targets="ground_truth",
    model_type="question-answering",
)

print(f"Evaluation metrics: {results.metrics}")

Este exemplo registra um modelo OpenAI, prepara dados de avaliação e, em seguida, avalia o modelo usando as métricas integradas do MLflow para tarefas de resposta a perguntas.

Métricas de avaliação personalizadas

O MLflow permite definir métricas personalizadas para avaliação de LLM. Veja um exemplo de criação de uma métrica personalizada para avaliar o profissionalismo das respostas:

from mlflow.metrics.genai import EvaluationExample, make_genai_metric

professionalism = make_genai_metric(
    name="professionalism",
    definition="Measure of formal and appropriate communication style.",
    grading_prompt=(
        "Score the professionalism of the answer on a scale of 0-4:\n"
        "0: Extremely casual or inappropriate\n"
        "1: Casual but respectful\n"
        "2: Moderately formal\n"
        "3: Professional and appropriate\n"
        "4: Highly formal and expertly crafted"
    ),
    examples=[
        EvaluationExample(
            input="What is MLflow?",
            output="MLflow is like your friendly neighborhood toolkit for managing ML projects. It's super cool!",
            score=1,
            justification="The response is casual and uses informal language."
        ),
        EvaluationExample(
            input="What is MLflow?",
            output="MLflow is an open-source platform for the machine learning lifecycle, including experimentation, reproducibility, and deployment.",
            score=4,
            justification="The response is formal, concise, and professionally worded."
        )
    ],
    model="openai:/gpt-3.5-turbo-16k",
    parameters={"temperature": 0.0},
    aggregations=["mean", "variance"],
    greater_is_better=True,
)

# Use the custom metric in evaluation
results = mlflow.evaluate(
    logged_model_info.model_uri,
    eval_data,
    targets="ground_truth",
    model_type="question-answering",
    extra_metrics=[professionalism]
)

print(f"Professionalism score: {results.metrics['professionalism_mean']}")

Esta métrica personalizada usa GPT-3.5-turbo para avaliar o profissionalismo das respostas, demonstrando como você pode aproveitar os próprios LLMs para avaliação.

Técnicas avançadas de avaliação LLM

À medida que os LLMs se tornam mais sofisticados, as técnicas de avaliação também se tornam mais sofisticadas. Vamos explorar alguns métodos avançados de avaliação usando o MLflow.

Avaliação de geração aumentada de recuperação (RAG)

Os sistemas RAG combinam o poder dos modelos baseados em recuperação e generativos. Avaliar sistemas RAG requer a avaliação dos componentes de recuperação e geração. Veja como você pode configurar um sistema RAG e avaliá-lo usando o MLflow:

from langchain.document_loaders import WebBaseLoader
from langchain.text_splitter import CharacterTextSplitter
from langchain.embeddings import OpenAIEmbeddings
from langchain.vectorstores import Chroma
from langchain.chains import RetrievalQA
from langchain.llms import OpenAI

# Load and preprocess documents
loader = WebBaseLoader(["https://mlflow.org/docs/latest/index.html"])
documents = loader.load()
text_splitter = CharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=1000, chunk_overlap=0)
texts = text_splitter.split_documents(documents)

# Create vector store
embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings()
vectorstore = Chroma.from_documents(texts, embeddings)

# Create RAG chain
llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)
qa_chain = RetrievalQA.from_chain_type(
    llm=llm,
    chain_type="stuff",
    retriever=vectorstore.as_retriever(),
    return_source_documents=True
)

# Evaluation function
def evaluate_rag(question):
    result = qa_chain({"query": question})
    return result["result"], [doc.page_content for doc in result["source_documents"]]

# Prepare evaluation data
eval_questions = [
    "What is MLflow?",
    "How does MLflow handle experiment tracking?",
    "What are the main components of MLflow?"
]

# Evaluate using MLflow
with mlflow.start_run():
    for question in eval_questions:
        answer, sources = evaluate_rag(question)
        
        mlflow.log_param(f"question", question)
        mlflow.log_metric("num_sources", len(sources))
        mlflow.log_text(answer, f"answer_{question}.txt")
        
        for i, source in enumerate(sources):
            mlflow.log_text(source, f"source_{question}_{i}.txt")

    # Log custom metrics
    mlflow.log_metric("avg_sources_per_question", sum(len(evaluate_rag(q)[1]) for q in eval_questions) / len(eval_questions))