ديف جارج، الرئيس التنفيذي ومؤسس شركة AGI، Inc – سلسلة المقابلات

ديف جارج، الرئيس التنفيذي ومؤسس شركة AGI، Inc، هو باحث في مجال الذكاء الاصطناعي ومؤسس شركة تركز على الوكلاء المستقلين، والذكاء على الحواف، والرؤية الحاسوبية، والروبوتات. قبل تأسيس شركة AGI، Inc، كان قد أسس شركة MultiOn، وهي رائدة في مجال الوكلاء المستخدمين، وترأس مجلس إدارتها لاحقًا. كما قضى جارج ما يقرب من أربع سنوات كعضو هيئة تدريس مساعد في جامعة ستانفورد، حيث أنشأ دورة CS 25: Transformers United، وهي أول دورة في الجامعة مخصصة لعمارة الترانسفورمر. وتشمل خبرته السابقة قيادة تطوير الذكاء الاصطناعي في شركة Collaborative Robotics، وأجرى بحثًا في شركة NVIDIA (NVDA ) وشركة Apple (AAPL )، وعمل على تقنيات الرؤية الحاسوبية والقيادة المستقلة في شركة Google، وشركة Uber، وجامعة كورنيل، حيث تضمن بحثه نهج Pseudo-LiDAR المؤثر للاستشعار ثلاثي الأبعاد بالكاميرا.

شركة AGI، Inc هي شركة أبحاث في مجال الذكاء الاصطناعي تطور ذكاءً خاصًا وآمنًا ويمكن الوصول إليه، ويعمل مباشرة على أجهزة الحواف. وتتمثل تقنيتها الرائدة في نظام الذكاء الاصطناعي AGI-0، وهو نظام ذكاء اصطناعي يركز على الإجراءات، مصمم لفهم تفضيلات المستخدم وتنفيذ المهام عبر التطبيقات على الهواتف والكمبيوترات والأجهزة القابلة للارتداء والأجهزة المتوافقة الأخرى، بما في ذلك سير العمل المتعلقة بالتسوق والنقل والجدولة والتراسل والترفيه. كما تقدم الشركة منصة تسمح لصانعي الأجهزة والمطورين بإضافة وكلاء متجاوبين مع الشاشة قادرون على التفكير والعمل عبر التطبيقات الحالية دون الحاجة إلى إنشاء تطبيقات متوافقة منفصلة لكل تطبيق. وقد أظهرت شركة AGI، Inc تقنياتها مع شركة Lenovo، وتعمل على تحسين مكدس الوكيل الخاص بها لأجهزة Qualcomm (QCOM ) Snapdragon.

لقد عملت في شركة Apple، وشركة Google، وشركة Nvidia، وساعدت في تأسيس أنظمة وكلاء مبكرة في شركة MultiOn قبل أن تأخذ إجازة من برنامج الدكتوراه في جامعة ستانفورد لتأسيس شركة AGI، Inc. ما هو التحديد أو اللحظة التي أقنعتك بأن النهج الحالي للذكاء الاصطناعي ليس كافياً، وأن بناء وكيل مستقل على الجهاز هو الطريق الصحيح للمضي قدمًا؟

حدث هذا التغيير في مكان ما بين عامي 2023 و2024 أثناء عملي على وكلاء الويب. كنا نستطيع إنشاء وكلاء لتنفيذ إجراءات في المتصفحات، لكن فقط إذا كان الموقع الإلكتروني له هيكل مناسب يمكن للوكيل العمل معه. وكما هو الحال مع النوافذ المنبثقة أو تأثيرات التحريك، توقف الوكيل عن العمل. من ناحية أخرى، كل ما يهم عندما يريد الناس التفاعل مع هواتفهم الذكية يحدث داخل التطبيقات. ولا توفر التطبيقات أي نوع من واجهة برمجة التطبيقات؛ بل تقدم شاشات بدلاً من ذلك.

أدت هذه الفروق إلى استخلاص استنتاجاتنا. لم يكن الحل للمشكلة هو واجهات برمجة تطبيقات أكثر تعقيدًا أو نماذج أكبر، بل الوكيل الذي سيشغل الجهاز من منظور الشخص. هذا يعني معاملة الهاتف الذكي مثل ما يفعله الشخص – التفاعل مع شاشاته.

ما زالت معظم مساعدي الذكاء الاصطناعي اليوم تعتمد بشكل كبير على واجهات برمجة التطبيقات والتركيبات وتنسيق السحابة. ما هو ما يحدث بشكل أساسي في ذلك النموذج، ولماذا تعتقد أن التنفيذ على الجهاز هو الطبقة المفقودة؟

هناك ثلاثة مشاكل مع ذلك. الأولى هي التغطية. تتطلب واجهات برمجة التطبيقات أن يتفاعل جميع المطورين معك، مما يحد من قدرات الوكيل إلى الشريك الأبطأ. تكنولوجيا نوايا التطبيقات من شركة Apple هي مثال جيد على مثل هذه التكنولوجيا التي بدأت في العمل في وقت مبكر في WWDC 2024. ثم هناك مشكلة الخصوصية. يتطلب تنسيق السحابة أن تذهب محتوى الشاشة ورسائل وأنشطة إلى خوادم طرف ثالث. وأخيرًا، هناك مشكلة التكلفة والاتساق. جميع عمليات المعالجة الدورانية عبر السحابة تجعلها بطيئة ومكلفة.

يحل التنفيذ على الجهاز جميع هذه المشاكل. لا يعتمد الوكيل على أي شخص آخر ويتفاعل مع النظام عن طريق التفاعل مع واجهة المستخدم مباشرة.

يبدو أن نهجك يغير الذكاء الاصطناعي من الإجابة على الأسئلة إلى تنفيذ المهام الفعلية عبر التطبيقات. ما كانت التحديات الفنية الأصعب في تمكين وكيل من تشغيل هاتف مثل شخص حقيقي؟

التحكم الموثوق في الهاتف أكثر صعوبة مما يبدو. أولاً، يجب على الوكيل أن يدرك شاشة الهاتف مثل الإنسان، ويفهم ما يأتي بعد ذلك، وينفذ الإجراء المناسب. يتم إجراء الإدراك بواسطة نموذج رؤية-لغة قادر على التعرف على الأزرار وصناديق النص وتصميمات القوائم والتنسيقات، إلخ. يتطلب تحديد الإجراء التعامل مع الغموض والصفحات الجزئية والحوارات ورسائل الخطأ. وأخيرًا، يجب أن يكون الإجراء دقيقًا بما فيه الكفاية لتحديد موقع النقر في الموقع الصحيح.

然而، المشكلة الأكثر أهمية تكمن في القدرة على التفاعل بشكل موثوق مع تطبيقات معقدة على مدى فترة زمنية طويلة. حجز رحلة مع شركة Uber شيء واحد، ولكن تنفيذ عملية متعددة الخطوات داخل تطبيق يعتمد كل خطوة على التفاعلات السابقة هو لعبة مختلفة تمامًا. هذا هو بالضبط原因 الذي يجعل تدريب النماذج من النهاية إلى النهاية ضروريًا لتطوير المنتج.

لقد وصفها بأنها انتقالية من المساعدين إلى الوكلاء. ماذا يعني هذا التحول في الممارسة لل مستخدمين العاديين، وكيف تتوقع أن يتغير السلوك بسرعة؟

التغيير العملي يأتي من الواجهة نفسها. حيث لدينا اليوم التطبيق ونتعلم كيف نستخدم التطبيق، غدًا سيكون لدينا الوكيل، وسيصبح التطبيقات قدرات تُؤلف من قبل الوكيل لصالحنا. نتوقف عن التفكير في التطبيقات ونتابع التفكير في النية: “احجز لي رحلة إلى المنزل.” “أرسل الصور من عطلة نهاية الأسبوع إلى أمي.” “أرني الفنادق في لشبونة حيث يمكنني الحصول على بعض الهدوء في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع القادمة.” يعرف الوكيل أي تطبيقات يجب استخدامه.

يتغير السلوك ببطء ويصبح أسرع مع مرور الوقت. في البداية، سيتجرب الناس هذا النهج لمهام بسيطة يثقون بها ثم يتوسعون càng يتعلمون. سيكون محفز القبول الشامل عندما يحصل الوكيل على المهام الروتينية على هواتفنا بشكل صحيح كل مرة.

مع شراكات مثل Qualcomm وLenovo، كم هو أهمية التكامل الضيق بين البرامج والأجهزة لجعل الذكاء الاصطناعي القائم على الوكلاء قابلًا للاستخدام على نطاق واسع؟

هذا هو الفرق بين نموذج يستخدم لأغراض البحث وتطبيق يمكن استخدامه فعلاً. الأجهزة التي تعمل بالطاقة من Qualcomm تحتوي على وحدات معالجة عصبية، مما يضمن أن خوارزميات الوكيل يمكنها العمل على الجهاز مع تأخيرات واستهلاك طاقة ضئيلين. قامت Qualcomm بyears العمل على تحقيق هذا التحسين، والشراكة التي أعلننا عنها في MWC 2026 كان لها هذا الهدف بالذات.

النهاية الأخرى هي Lenovo. يمكن للينوفو الوصول إلى مئات الملايين من المستخدمين عبر الهواتف الذكية والأجهزة اللوحية وأجهزة الكمبيوتر، ويتطلعون إلى التميز باستخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي. التوجه عبر الشركاء الذين لديهم محفظة أجهزة موجودة ووصولهم بسرعة وشفافية يفوق الطريق البديل. أعرف هذا من الخبرة.

يبدو أن الثقة تشكل حاجزًا كبيرًا. كيف تصمم أنظمة حيث يشعر المستخدمون بالراحة لترك الذكاء الاصطناعي يتخذ إجراءات من أجلهم، خاصة عندما تتضمن هذه الإجراءات تطبيقات متعددة وبيانات حساسة؟

تُبنى الثقة على أساس أن يكون الوكيل واضحًا فيما هو قادر على فعله وما لا يفعله. أي إجراء يتضمن شيء مهم، مثل إجراء شراء فعلي أو إرسال رسالة أو تغيير إعدادات الحساب، يتطلب موافقة المستخدم. يمكن للوكيل أن يصل إلى صفحة الدفع بنفسه، لكن لا يزال يحتاج إلى موافقة المستخدم لاستكمال العملية. تضيف شراكتنا مع Visa سبل دفع موثقة إلى ذلك.

كل هذا يتم على أساس فلسفتين بسيطتين. الأولى هي “الإنسان في الحلقة لما هو مهم”. الثانية هي “التراجع حيثما أمكن”. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، سيرى الوكيل فقط ما هو مرئي على الشاشة وسيحترم أذونات النظام التي تم تعيينها.

هناك رواية متزايدة تقول إن اقتصاد التطبيقات قد يتأثر. هل ترى الوكلاء ي remplacين التطبيقات بالكامل، أو يغيرون كيفية الوصول إليها وتمويلها؟

التطبيقات لا تختفي أبدًا. تتغير الديناميكية فقط. اليوم، التطبيق هو كيفية تواصل العلامة التجارية مع المستهلك. غدًا، سيكون الوكيل هو ذلك، والتطبيق سيكون الأداة التي يستخدمها الوكيل. سيظل مطورو التطبيقات هنا لأن هناك دائمًا حاجة للتطبيق خلف المكالمة أو الرسالة أو المعاملة. الفرق سيكون في الواجهة التي يتم عليها اتخاذ تلك الخيارات.

هذا يمثل جبهة جديدة للتطبيقات وعلاماتها التجارية. يمثل هذا فرصة رائعة لاستكشاف التطوير مع شركائنا في التطوير والمنصات على حد سواء.

نظامك يتجنب الاعتماد على واجهات برمجة التطبيقات. هل يخلق ذلك توترًا مع المطورين والمنصات، أو يفتح في النهاية نظامًا أكثر انفتاحًا؟

أقل من ذلك مما يبدو. لا يوجد تنافس بين المطورين ونا. الطريقة التي تعمل بها الواجهة هي نفسها العملية التي يستخدمها الشخص لتطبيق، لذا يستخدم الوكيل نفس الواجهات مثل أي شخص آخر. يمكن للمطورين استخدام ممارسات تقنية شائعة لمنع الوصول، ونفهم منطقهم.

نتيجة أكثر إثارة هي غياب التنافس. نظام مفتوح مع توافق عالمي يفيد الجميع، مقارنة بنظام مغلق، حيث يمكن استخدام كل مساعد فقط على تطبيقات محددة، لأنه يدعم فقط هذا النوع من التكامل المخصص. يساعد التوافق العالمي المستخدمين، ولكنه يساعد أيضًا التطبيقات ذات القيمة الفعلية.

الذكاء الاصطناعي على الجهاز غالبًا ما يُ描ى على أنه ميزة للخصوصية. كيف تتوازن بين المعالجة المحلية وضرورة نماذج قوية ت đòi Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires Requires 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