AI Araştırması, Diyalog, Müzik ve Ses Efektleri için Ayırıcı Hacim Kontrolleri Öngörmektedir

Mitsubishi tarafından yürütülen yeni bir araştırma işbirliği, orijinal bir ses kaynağından üç ayrı soundtrack çıkarma olasılığını araştırıyor ve ses parçasını konuşma, müzik ve ses efektlerine (yani ambient gürültü) ayırıyor.

Bu, hậu-facto bir işleme çerçevesi olduğundan, gelecekteki çokluortam görüntüleme platformları için potansiyel sunar, bunlar arasında tüketici ekipmanları da bulunmaktadır ve üç noktalı hacim kontrolleri sunabilir, böylece kullanıcı diyalogun sesini yükseltebilir veya bir soundtrack’in sesini düşürebilir.

Aşağıdaki kısa klip, araştırma için yapılan videodan (makalenin sonundaki tam video için) farklı soundtrack yönlerini vurgulamaktadır ve kullanıcı, üç ses bileşeninin her birini üçgenin bir köşesinde bulunan bir kontrolü sürüklediğinde:

Araştırma makalesine eşlik eden videodan bir kısa klip (makalenin sonundaki gömme için). Kullanıcı, üçgen UI’deki (sağda) üç çıkarılan yönlerden birine doğru imleci sürüklediğinde, ses o soundtrack parçasını vurgulamaktadır. Uzun video, YouTube’da birkaç ek örneğe atıfta bulunsa da, bunlar şu anda mevcut görünmüyor. Kaynak: https://vimeo.com/634073402

Makale, The Cocktail Fork Problem: Three-Stem Audio Separation for Real-World Soundtracks başlığını taşımaktadır ve Massachusetts, Cambridge’deki Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL) ve Illinois’teki Indiana Üniversitesi’ndeki Akıllı Sistemler Mühendisliği Bölümü’nden araştırmacılardan gelmektedir.

Ses Kayıt Parçalarını Ayırma

Araştırmacılar, bu zorluğu ‘Cocktail Party Problemi’ olarak adlandırmışlardır, çünkü soundtrack’in iç içe geçmiş unsurlarını izole etmeyi içerir ve bir çatala benzeyen bir yol haritası oluşturur (aşağıdaki resme bakınız). Uygulamada, çok kanallı (yani stereo ve daha fazlası) ses kayıtları, diyalog, müzik ve ambians gibi çeşitli içerik türlerine sahip olabilir, özellikle diyalog Dolby 5.1 karışımlarında merkez kanalı domine etmeye eğilimlidir. Şu anda, aktif bir araştırma alanı olan ses ayrımı, tek bir soundtrack’ten bu unsurları yakalamaya odaklanmaktadır.

The Cocktail Fork – birleştirilmiş ve tek bir soundtrack’ten üç ayrı soundtrack çıkarma. Kaynak: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.09958.pdf

Son araştırmalar, çeşitli ortamlarda konuşma çıkarmaya odaklanmıştır, genellikle sesli konuşma sesini Natural Language Processing (NLP) sistemleriyle sonraki etkileşim için gürültüden arındırmak için, ancak ayrıca arşivlenmiş şarkı seslerini izole etmeye yönelik olarak, ya sentetik gerçek (hatta ölü) şarkıcıların versiyonlarını oluşturmak veya Karaoke tarzı müzik izolasyonu sağlamak için.

Her Parça için Bir Veri Kümesi

Şu ana kadar, bu tür AI teknolojisini kullanarak kullanıcıların bir soundtrack’in karışımına daha fazla kontrol sağlama konusunda fazla düşünülmedi. Bu nedenle araştırmacılar, sorunu formalize etmişler ve devam eden çoklu tür soundtrack ayrımı araştırmalarına yardımcı olmak için yeni bir veri kümesi oluşturmuşlar ve çeşitli mevcut ses ayırma çerçevelerinde test etmişlerdir.

Araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yeni veri kümesi, Divide and Remaster (DnR) olarak adlandırılmaktadır ve önceki veri kümelerinden LibriSpeech, Free Music Archive ve Freesound Dataset 50k (FSD50K) türetilmiştir. DnR’yi sıfırdan çalıştırmak isteyenler için, veri kümesi üç kaynaktan yeniden oluşturulmalıdır; aksi takdirde, yazarlar iddia ettiğine göre, yakında Zenodo’da kullanılabilir olacaktır. Ancak, yazının yazıldığı tarihte, kaynak çıkarma araçları için sağlanan GitHub bağlantısı şu anda aktif değildir, bu nedenle ilgilenenler biraz beklemek zorunda kalabilir.

Araştırmacılar, Sony’nin Mayıs ayında önerdiği CrossNet un-mix (XUMX) mimarisinin DnR ile özellikle iyi çalıştığını bulmuşlardır.

Sony’nin CrossNet mimarisi.

Yazarlar, makine öğrenimi çıkarma modellerinin YouTube soundtrack’leri üzerinde iyi çalıştığını iddia etmektedirler, ancak makalede sunulan değerlendirmeler sentetik veriler temelinde yapılmıştır ve sağlanan ana destek video (aşağıda gömülüdür) şu anda mevcut olan tek video gibi görünmektedir.

Kullanılan üç veri kümesi, her biri bir soundtrack’ten çıkarılması gereken türde çıktıların bir koleksiyonundan oluşur: FSD50K, ses efektleriyle meşguldür ve Google’ın AudioSet ontolojisinden 200 sınıf etiketiyle etiquetlenmiş 50.000 44.1 kHz mono ses klip içerir; Free Music Archive, 161 müzik türünü kapsayan 100.000 stereo şarkıyı içerir, ancak yazarlar FSD50K ile parite için 25.000 şarkılık bir alt küme kullanmışlardır; ve LibriSpeech, DnR’ye 44.1kHz mp3 ses dosyası olarak 100 saatlik ses kitabı örnekleri sağlar.

Gelecek Çalışmalar

Yazarlar, veri kümesi ve geliştirilen ayrı modeller üzerinde daha fazla çalışma beklemektedirler ve ayrıca konuşma tanıma ve ses sınıflandırma çerçevelerinde otomatik altyazı oluşturma için nghiênmelere yer vereceklerdir. Ayrıca, algısal artifacts’ı azaltabilen yeniden karıştırma yaklaşımlarının olanaklarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadırlar, bu da birleştirilmiş bir ses soundtrack’ini oluştururken merkezi sorun olmaya devam etmektedir.

Bu tür bir ayırma, gelecekte, yüksek derecede optimize edilmiş çıkarım ağları içeren akıllı TV’lerde tüketici malzemesi olarak mevcut olabilir, ancak ilk uygulamaların bazı ön işleme zamanı ve depolama alanı gerektirmesi muhtemeldir. Samsung zaten yerel nöral ağları için upscaling kullanırken, Sony’nin Cognitive Processor XR‘i, şirketin Bravia serisinde kullanılan, canlı olarak ses soundtrack’lerini analiz eden ve yeniden yorumlayan hafif entegre AI’dir.

Ses soundtrack’lerinin karışımına daha fazla kontrol çağrıları periyodik olarak tekrarlanır ve sunulan meisten çözümler, soundtrack’un zaten mevcut standartlara (ve film ve TV endüstrilerinde izleyicilerin ne istediği hakkında varsayımlara) uygun olarak indirgenmiş olduğu gerçeğiyle başa çıkmak zorundadır.

Bir izleyici, film soundtrack’lerindeki çeşitli unsurlar arasındaki hacim seviyeleri arasındaki şok edici uyumsuzluktan rahatsız olarak, otomatik bir hacim ayarlayıcısı geliştirmek için yeterli derecede umutsuzdu ve bu, hacim eşitliğini sağlayabilirdi.

Akıllı TV’ler, diyalog sesini yükseltmek için çeşitli yöntemler sunar, ancak bunlar, karışımda yapılan kararlarla ve argüman olarak, içeriğin üreticilerinin izleyiciye soundtrack’lerini tam olarak oluşturuldukları gibi deneyimlemelerini istedikleri gerçeğiyle mücadele etmektedir.

İçerik üreticileri, ‘remix kültürü’nün bu potansiyel eklemesine karşı kızgınlık duymaya eğilimlidir, çünkü endüstri içindeki birkaç önemli kişi, varsayılan post-işleme TV tabanlı algoritmalarına karşı already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already already 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