Brain Machine Interface
Elon Musk, Neuralink, uye Brain-Machine Interfaces
NeChipiri manheru, zviuru zvakaona internet live-stream presentation yeNeuralink. Chiitiko ichi chemaawa matatu ndicho chaive chekutanga kuratidzwa pachena nekambani iyi. Musk neboka rake vakaratidza zvakasiyana-siyana zvepasi rose-kuchinja teknolojia. Huropi hutsva-AI yekubatanidza chimwe chinhu chave chichiteverwa nemasayendisiti kwemakore. Kunyange zvazvo yaigara ichinyatso tsvakurudza, zvino ichashandiswa pavanhu.
Neuralink yakavambwa muna 2016 naElon Musk vane tariro yezuva rimwe kubatanidza vanhu neAI seimwe kuburikidza neimplantable brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). Iyo kambani yakashandisa akawanda epamusoro-mbiri neuroscientist nevatsvaguri, vazhinji vacho vachibva kuYunivhesiti. Pakazosvika Chikunguru 2019, kambani yaive nemadhora zana nemakumi mashanu nesere emamiriyoni emari, yakawanda yacho yaibva kuna Elon Musk pachake. Parizvino vane vashandi vangangosvika makumi mapfumbamwe.
Iyo itsva Neuralink chip ichaunganidza zviratidzo muuropi netambo dzakawanda dzakatetepa. Iyo kambani yakagadzira yavanodaidza kuti yakachengeteka uye yakanyanya diki interface inokwanisa kuiswa muuropi. Idiki zvekuti haizokonzerese kukuvadzwa kana kushungurudzika. Pamberi peNeuralink, brain-interface yakaratidza mhedzisiro, kunyanya nevanhu vakaoma mitezo vachikwanisa kufambisa nhengo dzemarobhoti nepfungwa dzavo, asi zvaive zvakaoma, zvaisanganisira waya hombe, uye zvaifanira kutariswa nemusayendisiti. Neuralink ine chinangwa chekuita kuti ive yakachengeteka, diki, uye inokwanisa kushandiswa pasina kutariswa.
Iyo processor idiki kwazvo komputa chip inokwanisa kutora ruzha rwemagetsi kubva kune neuroni nekuishandura kuita masaini akajeka edhijitari. Iyo chip ine basa rimwe chete, saka inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inoshandisa simba shoma. Hapana chikonzero chekuchinja mabhatiri kana chero chinhu cherudzi; inogona kugara kwenguva refu. Sekureva kwaAndrew Hires, mubatsiri purofesa wesainzi yebiology paYunivhesiti yeSouthern California, Neuralink "yakatora boka rezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro ndokuzvibatanidza."
Electrodes akagadzirwa nesainzi uye mainjiniya anogadzirwa kubva kune akaonda zvakanyanya uye anochinjika waya dzepolymer. Izvi zvinozoiswa muuropi. Mukuedzwa kwakaitwa nemakonzo, Neuralink yakakwanisa kunyora nezve 1,000 neurons. Izvi zvakawanda kupfuura izvo zvinodiwa kune zvinhu zvakaita sekufambisa macursors pamakomputa skrini nepfungwa dzako.
Iyi tekinoroji nyowani ichabatanidzwa nehuropi hwemunhu nehutsva hutsva hwerobhoti neurosurgery iro rakagadzirwa neNeuralink. Robhoti rinonyatsopinza waya muuropi. Inokwanisa kuita mepu kuti mitsipa yese iripi kuitira kuti pasave neimwe yadzo inoboorwa, zvichikonzera kukuvara kana kukuvadzwa. Robhoti rinokwanisa kuisa nhanhatu dzetambo paminiti.
Imwe yenzvimbo dzekutanga uko tekinoroji iyi ichaedzwa iri pakati pevanhu vakaoma mitezo. Mutungamiri weNeuralink, Max Hodak, anoda kuyedza tekinoroji nyowani pavanhu vashanu vakaoma mitezo. Vanozotanga vaedza kutaipa pakombiyuta nepfungwa dzavo. Aya marudzi ekuedza akamboitwa, asi hazvigumiri ipapo kune Neuralink. Vavariro ndeyokuti vanhu vagozokwanisa kudzora mitezo yakaoma mitezo. Vanhu vasingakwanisi kutaura vachakwanisawo kuwana chikamu cheuropi chinokonzera kutaura.
Muchiratidziro, Musk akataura nezvekuti vanoda kuti tekinoroji idzorwe neapp pane yako smartphone. Ichi chaive chinhu chikuru kwavari sezvavanotenda kana mumwe munhu achifanira kuenda kune lab yakazara nesainzi nguva dzese kuti aishandise, izvo zvaizokunda chimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru izvo zviri kupa vanhu mukana wekukurumidza kuuropi hwakabatanidzwa AI.
Sekureva kwaNeuralink, maitiro acho haazove akafanana nemufananidzo wemunhu wese wekuvhiya uropi. Pachave pasina zvisungo padehenya kana zvinoda kuiswa hope. Iyo tekinoroji ichakwanisa kushandiswa apo munhu wacho achingogamuchira anesthetic yemunharaunda kunzvimbo yacho, hapazove neanorema anesthesia uye ese ematambudziko kana mhedzisiro inozotevera dzimwe nguva. Pachavewo pasina chikonzero chekuveura bvudzi remunhu, uye nzvimbo iyo robhoti inodyara tekinoroji inongova gomba diki rinovhara nyore nyore.
Mushure mekuzivisa kwenguva refu kwakamirirwa kuti Elon Musk akanzvenga, munhu wese zvino anoona izvo Neuralink yakawana. Neuralink iri kutarisa kuyedza tekinoroji nyowani pakati pevazvipiri vakaoma mitezo pakupera kwa2020, uye Musk anobva ada kutendeukira kune vamwe veruzhinji mushure meizvozvo.
